In Judaism, the oral legal tradition embodied in the Talmud (a compilation of Jewish law and tradition). Based on the Torah, it comprises rules, discussion, and commentary passed down by word of mouth. The Halachah regulates all aspects of conduct by describing the proper path through life. It is strictly observed by Orthodox Jews.
Black and red recall the tunics worn by soldiers during the Napoleonic wars. Gold was added to create a flag similar to the French tricolour, a symbol of revolution. Effective date: 23 May 1949.