Baliol, John de

King of Scotland 1292–96. As an heir to the Scottish throne on the death of Margaret, the Maid of Norway, he had the support of the English king, Edward I, against 12 other claimants. Baliol was proclaimed king, having paid homage to Edward. When English forces attacked Scotland, Baliol rebelled against England and gave up the kingdom.

Baliol was unpopular with the Scots, who dubbed him Toom Tabbard (‘empty garment’). After Edward's invasion, Baliol and his three sons were sent to London and confined to the Tower for three years. Released at the request of Pope Boniface, Baliol died in France at his patrimonial estate of Ballieul. His son Edward invaded Scotland in 1332 and became king for various short periods between 1332 and 1346.