Bohemian Christian church reformer, rector of Prague University from 1402, who was excommunicated for attacks on ecclesiastical abuses. He was summoned before the Council of Constance in 1414, defended the English reformer John Wyclif, rejected the pope's authority, and was burned at the stake. His followers were called Hussites.
Green and red replaced blue and white as the national colours in 1910. The armillary sphere surrounds the shield of Portugal. Effective date: 30 June 1911.