v.t. deflect (ray of light etc.) on its passage from a medium to another of different density, with, usually, dispersion or splitting up of the ray; distort. refraction, n.refractor, n.refractional, refractive, a.refractometer, n. instrument measuring amount of refraction.
The flags of Qatar and Bahrain are very similar, reflecting the countries' historical links. The proportions of the Qatari flag are unique. Effective date: c. 1949.