Introduction
Vasectomy or 'male sterilisation' is a simple and reliable method of contraception. It is usually considered permanent, although in some cases the procedure can be reversed.
How does a vasectomy work?
During a minor operation, the tubes that carry sperm from a man's testicles to the penis are cut, blocked or sealed with heat. Sperm is then prevented from reaching the semen ejaculated from a man's penis during sex.
It is a quick and relatively painless surgical procedure, usually carried out under local anaesthetic. In most cases, you will be able to return home the same day.
A vasectomy has no effect on sex drive or ability to enjoy sex. You will still have erections and ejaculate normally. The only difference is that your semen will not contain sperm.
Read more about what happens during a vasectomy.
How long will I have to wait?
In most parts of the UK, a vasectomy is available free of charge under the NHS. However, waiting lists can be several months, depending on where you live.
Speak to your GP about availability of vasectomies in your area. As waiting lists for vasectomies can be long, some men choose to pay to have the procedure carried out privately.
What are the benefits?
A vasectomy may be appropriate when a man does not want more children, or has decided not to have any at all. It may be chosen as a simpler, safer and more reliable alternative to female sterilisation.
However, it is important to view a vasectomy as permanent sterilisation, as although reversal may sometimes be possible, there is a chance that it can be unsuccessful.
Read more about things to consider before a vasectomy.
After a vasectomy
Once it has been carried out successfully and semen tests have shown there is no sperm present, long-term partners may not need to use other forms of contraception.
However, a vasectomy does not protect against HIV infection or any other sexually transmitted infection, so you should continue to protect yourself by using condoms with any new partner.
Read more about vasectomy results .
Recovery
You will normally experience some mild discomfort, swelling and bruising of your scrotum for a few days after the vasectomy.
If you have pain or discomfort, you can take paracetamol or ibuprofen.
Contact your GP for advice if you are still experiencing considerable pain after taking painkillers.
Advice on some common questions on recovering from a vasectomy is described below.
- Hygiene - It is safe for you to bathe or shower after your operation, but make sure you dry your genital area gently and thoroughly.
- Returning to work - Most men will be fit to return to work one or two days after their vasectomy, but should avoid sport and heavy lifting for at least one week after the operation, to minimise the risk of developing complications (see below). If any symptoms continue after a few days, consult your GP.
- Having sex - You can have sex again as soon as it is comfortable to do so, although it is best to wait for a couple of days. However, you are not sterile immediately after the operation, as it takes time to clear the remaining sperm in your tubes. Until you have had two clear semen tests, you will still need another method of contraception.
Complications
Most men will feel sore and tender for a few days after the operation, but complications are rare.
